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Highest-ranking Xia Dynasty noble tombs discovered in China, dating to the age of Minoan Crete_我的网站

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    Coffin chamber M13 Photo: Courtesy of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of ArchaeologyThe highest-ranking noble cemetery complex from the late Xia Dynasty (c.2070BC-c.1600BC) ever discovered has been unearthed at the Zhongcun site in North China's Shanxi Province, expanding research on Xia and Shang (c.1600BC-1046BC) civilizations and early state formation in ancient China, according to a press release that the local institute of archaeology sent to the Global Times on Monday.
Located on a hilly terrace west of the Taihang Mountains and flanked by the Songxi River, the site was excavated in 2024 and 2025 by the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and partner institutions, leading to the discovery of 18 tombs, including six Xia Dynasty burial sites and 12 Warring States Period (475BC-221BC) graves. 
"These are the highest-ranking Xia aristocratic tombs discovered so far, indicating that this location was a regional center," the institute said.
The Xia Dynasty is traditionally regarded as China's first hereditary dynasty, though contemporaneous written records are lacking.
The well-organized Xia tombs, concentrated in the western part of the cemetery, feature uniform east-west oriented vertical earthen pits. Researchers recovered nearly 40 sets of artifacts with distinctive local cultural characteristics, including pottery, lacquerware and turquoise ornaments. 
Extended regional surveys across the Songxi River valley yielded more than 10 Xia and Shang period sites. Test excavations at nearby relic sites unearthed pottery fragments, stone tools, bronze knives, as well as tin-bronze ingots and smelting residue, providing solid evidence of early metal mining and craftsmanship. 
Local copper-iron symbiotic ore deposits confirm exploitation of these resources during the Xia and Shang eras, while typical cultural artifacts found in adjacent counties reveal widespread regional cultural exchange.
Multidisciplinary analyses further decoded the civilization's features. Ancient human remains belong primarily to the ancient population of the Central Plains with minor Mongolian Plateau ­genetic traits, forming a stable patrilineal clan. The community relied on millet farming and maintained long-distance resource trade networks. 
Artifact provenance tests trace scallop shell ornaments to the Bohai Sea, cinnabar to Hunan-Guizhou ore belts, turquoise to the eastern Qinling Mountains area, and coffin timber to local Taihang pine trees. Such diverse materials reflect close interaction among the Taihang foothills, the press release noted.
Lab restoration unveiled refined ritual relics, including a dragon-patterned lacquer cylinder with red and black stripes and an intact lacquer gu vessel (a type of wine vessel). Turquoise plaques from the site match specimens from the Erlitou site, a core Xia cultural relic, proving ­cross-regional cultural interaction. Radiocarbon dating places the site's active period between 1880BC and 1450BC, aligning with the late Xia Dynasty.
Scholars confirmed the findings have helped reshape academic understanding of Xia-Shang civilizations and reconstruct multi-level settlement patterns on the western Taihang foothills, while offering new insights into social complexity and civilization development in early China.
。    12月6日，抚顺市县处级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班结业，市委副书记、市长王庆海出席结业式并作交流发言。         　　王庆海指出，学习好、贯彻好、落实好党的二十届三中全会精神，是当前和今后一个时期最重要的政治任务。要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指引，学深悟透习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的新思想新观点新论断，对标对表中央《决定》和省委《意见》，抓住改革关键点、找准改革发力点，以“小切口”破局，纵深推进国资国企、民营经济、营商环境、科技体制、开发区体制机制和重点民生领域改革，向改革要活力，向开放要空间，向创新要动力，推动我市转型振兴发展迈上新台阶、实现新突破。         　　王庆海强调，习近平总书记对东北、辽宁、抚顺振兴发展深情牵挂、充满期待。要牢记嘱托、感恩奋进，以实施全面振兴新突破三年行动为牵引，从攻坚清理十个方面影响抚顺振兴发展重点问题入手，把攻坚克难作为振兴突破的“必答题”、凝聚合力的“倍增器”、提升能力的“练兵场”，抓住核心关键，全力攻坚克难。要坚持问题导向、目标导向、结果导向，聚焦“最紧迫、最制约、经过努力能解决”，找准攻坚“真问题”，拿出整改“实举措”，及时复盘、精准调整、建章立制，确保解决一个问题、堵塞一类漏洞、完善一套机制。要躬身入局，强化政治意识、执行意识、沟通意识、团队意识和红线意识，在攻坚克难中提振精神状态、提升能力水平，以“拼抢争实”的工作作风，奋力推动各项工作争先进位，努力完成全年目标任务，坚决打赢攻坚之年攻坚之战，用今天的辛苦指数，换来百姓的幸福指数，提升未来的发展指数。         　　市委常委、组织部部长张斌，副市长陆波出席结业式。                    责任编辑：李丹。

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