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Detroit automakers and union leaders spar over 4,800 layoffs at non-striking factories_我的网站

A |     DETROIT -- Detroit's three automakers have laid off roughly 4,800 workers at factories that are not among the plants that have been hit by the United Auto Workers strikes, which have lasted for nearly four weeks.The companies say the strikes have nevertheless forced them to impose those layoffs. They note that the job cuts have occurred mainly at factories that make parts for assembly plants that were closed by strikes. In one case, layoffs have been imposed at a factory that uses supplies from a parts factory on strike.The UAW rejects that argument. It contends that the layoffs are unjustified and were imposed as part of the companies' pressure campaign to persuade UAW members to accept less favorable terms in negotiations with automakers. The factories that have been affected by layoffs are in six states: Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, Indiana and New York. Sam Fiorani, an analyst with AutoForecast Solutions, a consulting firm, said he thinks the layoffs reflect a simple reality: The automakers are losing money because of the strikes. By slowing or idling factories that are running below their capacities because of strike-related parts shortages, Fiorani said, the companies can mitigate further losses.“It doesn’t make sense to keep running at 30% or 40% of capacity when it normally runs at 100%,” he said. “We’re not looking at huge numbers of workers relative to the ones actually being struck. But there is fallout.”In a statement, Bryce Currie, vice president of Americas manufacturing at Ford, said: “While we are doing what we can to avoid layoffs, we have no choice but to reduce production of parts that would be destined for a plant that is on strike."UAW President Shawn Fain countered in a statement that the automakers were using layoffs to pressure the union into settling the strike. With billions in profits, Fain argued, the companies don’t have to lay off a single employee.The UAW began striking against General Motors, Ford and Stellantis on Sept. 15, with one assembly plant from each company. The next week, the union expanded the strike to 38 GM and Stellantis parts warehouses. Assembly plants from Ford and GM were added the week after that. All told, about 25,000 workers have walked off their jobs at the three automakers. Striking workers are receiving $500 a week from the union’s strike pay fund. By contrast, anyone who is laid off would qualify for state unemployment aid, which, depending on a variety of circumstances, could be less or more than $500 a week. “Their plan won’t work,” Fain said. “The UAW will make sure any worker laid off in the Big Three’s latest attack will not go without an income.”GM said it has laid off 2,330 workers, including 1,600 at a temporarily closed assembly plant in Kansas City, Kansas, that makes the Chevrolet Malibu sedan and Cadillac XT4 small SUV. The plant uses metal parts produced at the GM plant in Wentzville, Missouri, which is on strike. Other GM facilities that have been affected by layoffs are in Lockport, New York; Toledo, Ohio; Marion, Indiana; Parma, Ohio; and Lansing, Michigan.Ford said it has laid off 1,865 workers. They include 600 auto-body and parts-stamping employees in Wayne, Michigan, who are not on strike but who have been affected by a nearby assembly plant that has been struck. Other Ford locations with layoffs include Chicago; Sterling Heights and Livonia, Michigan; and Cleveland and Lima, Ohio. Stellantis said late Monday that it had laid off about 640 workers, including 520 at an engine factory complex in Trenton, Michigan, that supplies a Jeep plant in Toledo, Ohio, that is on strike. Other locations with layoffs include a metal casting plant in Kokomo, Indiana, and a machining factory in Toledo. Fiorani said that if the strike widens, more workers will likely be laid off at non-striking plants. Once metal stamping factories that supply multiple assembly plants have produced enough parts for non-striking facilities, the companies would likely shut them down.“Once you've filled up the stocks for the other plants you supply," he said, “you have to lay off the workers and wait out the strike.”Separate companies that manufacture parts for the automakers are likely to have laid off workers but might not report them publicly, said Patrick Anderson, CEO of the Anderson Economic Group in Lansing, Michigan. A survey of parts supply companies by a trade association called MEMA Original Equipment Suppliers found that 30% of members have laid off workers and that more than 60% expect to start layoffs in mid-October.Fiorani said that while larger parts suppliers can likely withstand the strike, smaller companies that make parts for the bigger companies might not have enough cash or the ability to borrow to outlast the job actions. Some, he said, may have a couple dozen workers “and don't have billions in value to use as collateral in loans,” he said. Thus far, the union has decided to target a small number of plants from each company rather than have all 146,000 UAW members at the automakers go on strike at the same time.Last week, the union reported progress in the talks and decided not to add any more plants. This came after GM agreed to bring joint-venture electric vehicle battery factories into the national master contract, almost assuring that the plants will be unionized.Battery plants are a major point of contention in the negotiations. The UAW wants those plants to be unionized to assure jobs and top wages for workers who will be displaced by the industry's ongoing transition to electric vehicles.。    俄罗斯总统普京近日表示，现任乌克兰政权的极端民族主义色彩已经明显到波兰当局也无法忽视。波兰民众对这一问题的关注愈发强烈，政府不得不正视。        乌克兰国家层面上公开美化二战时期的民族主义者，这些人与纳粹曾有合作，并对波兰人实施大规模暴力迫害。

B | 这一问题在基辅和华沙之间引发了严重的摩擦。本月早些时候，波兰议会议长弗沃齐米日·恰扎斯蒂表示，乌克兰在申请加入欧盟前，必须“重新审视其历史”，并明确承认二战时期民族主义者对波兰平民的大规模杀害是种族灭绝。

C |         普京在接受记者帕维尔·扎鲁宾采访时谈到：“尽管波兰政治中有恐俄倾向，但波兰当局现在认真关注乌克兰国家建设中的极端民族主义意识形态。”他指出，波兰领导层在这一问题上的立场反映了广泛的社会诉求。此前，俄罗斯前总统、现任俄罗斯联邦安全会议副主席德米特里·梅德韦杰夫也谈到波兰对乌克兰极端民族主义思潮抬头的态度。        梅德韦杰夫在6月下旬的“电报”平台发文称：“尽管波兰精英恐俄，但他们在基辅班德拉运动的问题上采取了正确而诚实的立场。”他指的是乌克兰民族主义者组织。这是二战时期由斯捷潘·班德拉领导的乌克兰极端民族主义运动。在1941年纳粹德国入侵苏联初期，乌克兰民族主义者组织曾与纳粹合作。

D | 据华沙估计，其准军事分支“乌克兰起义军”在1943年至1944年间于乌克兰西部地区杀害了多达10万名波兰族平民。        2014年，基辅在西方支持下发生政治变动后，乌克兰通过法律，禁止共产主义和纳粹主义标志，并更名多条街道和城市。然而，同一法律又承认乌克兰民族主义者组织和乌克兰起义军为“独立斗士”，尽管两者与纳粹德国有联系。近日，乌克兰民族主义者组织的创始人安德烈·梅利尼克和叶夫根尼·科诺瓦列茨的遗骸被运回乌克兰重新安葬。这是泽连斯基推动建立“杰出乌克兰人先贤祠”计划的一部分。这两人被认为曾与纳粹合作。        今年6月，乌克兰总统泽连斯基将“乌克兰起义军英雄”这一荣誉称号加入一支现役突击队名称中，此举在波兰引发愤怒。波兰总统卡罗尔·纳夫罗茨基随后取消了泽连斯基的“白鹰勋章”。这是波兰最高国家荣誉，由前任授予。此后，多名乌克兰官员为声援泽连斯基退还了波兰勋章，波兰官员也退还了乌克兰授予的奖章。返回，查看更多。

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